1. Bibliographic
Johnson, Angela. 2003. THE FIRST PART LAST. New York, Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689849222
2. Plot Summary
This book tells the story of Bobby and Nia, two sixteen year-old kids who find themselves preparing to become parents themselves. However, Nia experiences a stroke during childbirth and the ensuing brain damage leaves her in a “persistent vegetative state” (Johnson). Now, bobby finds himself dealing with the loss of his girlfriend while at the same time being thrust into parenthood as a single father. Written from Bobby's point of view, this story describes the fear, exhaustion, and love that Bobby experiences as he settles into a new life with his baby girl Feather.
3. Critical Analysis
Any piece of contemporary realistic fiction must both tell a story that is engaging and believable in our present day and present characters that are believable and that the reader can relate to. This book does an excellent job of describing true-to-life situations and emotions as Bobby gives up his own childhood to become a father at sixteen. When Nia's father asks him about his plans, he thinks to himself, “No. I don't have any plans except shooting hoops with my partners at the rec center, and hanging out till we get bored and take in a movie” (Johnson). Clearly Bobby is not ready for all of the responsibilities that parenthood entails. However, after the birth, when it becomes clear that Nia is gone for good, Bobby decides to step up and be a parent. “'But I love her, and even though I am not set up for her, she's mine. And I'm hers.'[...] And then I know I'm being a man, not just some kid who's upset and wants it his way. I'm being a man” (Johnson). In today's society, where teen pregnancy is becoming a social norm, most readers will be able to relate on some level to this all too realistic situation.
Also, the reality of the situation adds credibility to the characters and their mixed up reactions to this life-changing event. In the beginning, both Bobby and Nia react in very selfish and juvenile ways. "How will this affect me, and what about my own childhood?" seem to be the only questions these two are concerned about. Unfortunately, this is a very realistic response given that they are both only sixteen years old. In the end, however, Bobby is faced with a very tough decision and the choice he makes will change his life forever. As a reader following the story, we find ourselves feeling sorry for Bobby and hoping that he really will learn to be a man , and a good father. This multi-award winning book offers the reader a profound and realistic look at the challenges that come along with the choice to become a teen parent.
4. Review Excerpts
Horn Book: Although the plot's structure is complex -- alternating back and forth between "Then" and "Now" -- Bobby's earnest and impulsive voice carries listeners along in a way that is intimate and involving.
School Library Journal: In spite of its brevity, the story is complex and satisfying. Bobby is both boy and man, responsible and overwhelmed, near panic and able to plan an intelligent and loving future for Feather, the daughter he adores and nurtures.
Horn Book Magazine: What elevates this scenario above melodrama is Johnson's unique storytelling strategy: she follows the arc of Bobby's consciousness in alternating short chapters labeled "then" (before Feather's birth) and "now." This allows the reader to measure how far sleep-starved single dad Bobby has fallen, psychically--and how far he's come.
5. Connections
* Other Books by Angela Johnson
IN DADDY'S ARMS, I AM TALL
VIOLET'S MUSIC
HEAVEN
* Other Books about Teen Parents/ Pregnancy
TEEN ANGEL by: Gloris Velasquez
DETOUR FOR EMMY by: Marilyn Reynolds
SOMEONE TO LOVE ME by: Jeannette Eyerly
WHAT KIND OF LOVE?: THE DIARY OF A PREGNANT TEENAGER by: Sheila Cole
A DANCE FOR THREE by: Louise Plummer
Friday, November 30, 2007
Thursday, November 29, 2007
THE GIVER
1. Bibliography
Lowry, Lois. 1993. THE GIVER. New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395645662
2. Plot Summary
This book describes a Utopian society set at some unknown point in the future. However, one character, Jonas, discovers that his perfect world is, in fact, far from perfect. Although there is now war, no hunger, and no homelessness, there is also no freedom, no choices, and no emotion. As the chosen Receiver of all of the community's past memories, it is Jonas's responsibility to bear the burden of experiencing emotions like joy and love, seeing colors for the first time, and feeling true pain and anguish. In the end, Jonas and his mentor, The Giver, decided that it is time for the community to share this burden. The only way for that to happen is for Jonas to break every rule he has ever known and call upon courage he is not sure that her possesses. In order for Jonas to change his community and save one very special friend, Jonas must disappear.
3. Critical Analysis
This modern science fiction/science fantasy work offers us a profound glimpse into what may sound like a perfect world, but is, in fact cruel, ominous, and binding. The themes of freedom vs. enslavement and of love vs. hate are important and prevalent themes on which the entire plot of the story is based. As in all good fantasy works, it is important that the themes "reflect universal truths that transcend time and place" (Vardell). In the end, Jonas's intense desire to expose his community and free them from their bondage leads him to plan a daring escape. His love for the "newchild" (Lowry) Gabriel gives him the courage to see it through. These two themes are pervasive human experiences and can be understood by all readers, despite age or nationality.
It is also very important for a science fiction work to have a well developed and consistent setting. As a general rule, worlds in science fiction works do not necessarily follow the same rules that our real world follows. Therefore, it is important for the author to establish rules for this fictitious environment and to remain faithful to those rules throughout the work. In THE GIVER, the world seems like the same world that we live in today, however, we soon learn that society functions much differently than our own. Unlike our own lives, these characters have a life where "nothing was ever unexpected. Or inconvenient. Or unusual. The life without color, pain , or past" (Lowry). This seemingly Utopian world, where people have been genetically designed to see only in black and white and where there are no choices because life is already mapped out, has no joy, freedom, or love. Throughout this work, Lowry remains true to the rule that, as the Receiver of memory, Jonas and his mentor, The Giver, are the only characters to see there world as the emotionless void that it really is.
This award winning book uses memorable, realistic characters and a consistent, almost familiar setting to tackle the universal truths of our human need for freedom and, above all, love.
4. Review Excerpts
Booklist: Lowry's simple, powerful prose creates an anti-Utopian world where the lack of hardship, war, and poverty only covers the citizens' deeper lack of freedom.
Horn Book Guide: Although life seems perfect -- there is no hunger, no disease, no pollution, no fear -- the reader becomes uneasily aware that all is not well. The story is skillfully written; the air of disquiet is delicately insinuated; and the theme of balancing the values of freedom and security is beautifully presented.
School Library Journal: The author makes real abstract concepts, such as the meaning of a life in which there are virtually no choices to be made and no experiences with deep feelings. This tightly plotted story and its believable characters will stay with readers for a long time.
5. Connections
* Other Books by Lois Lowry
NUMBER THE STARS
THE SILENT BOY
SEE YOU AROUND, SAM!
* Other Books about Utopian Societies
MESSENGER by: Lois Lowry
THE MOUNTAIN OF TRUTH by: Dale Carlson
* Other Science Fiction Books
THE WHITE MOUNTAINS by: John Christopher
CHANGELING by: Delia Sherman
GIFTS by: Ursula K. Le Guin
Lowry, Lois. 1993. THE GIVER. New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0395645662
2. Plot Summary
This book describes a Utopian society set at some unknown point in the future. However, one character, Jonas, discovers that his perfect world is, in fact, far from perfect. Although there is now war, no hunger, and no homelessness, there is also no freedom, no choices, and no emotion. As the chosen Receiver of all of the community's past memories, it is Jonas's responsibility to bear the burden of experiencing emotions like joy and love, seeing colors for the first time, and feeling true pain and anguish. In the end, Jonas and his mentor, The Giver, decided that it is time for the community to share this burden. The only way for that to happen is for Jonas to break every rule he has ever known and call upon courage he is not sure that her possesses. In order for Jonas to change his community and save one very special friend, Jonas must disappear.
3. Critical Analysis
This modern science fiction/science fantasy work offers us a profound glimpse into what may sound like a perfect world, but is, in fact cruel, ominous, and binding. The themes of freedom vs. enslavement and of love vs. hate are important and prevalent themes on which the entire plot of the story is based. As in all good fantasy works, it is important that the themes "reflect universal truths that transcend time and place" (Vardell). In the end, Jonas's intense desire to expose his community and free them from their bondage leads him to plan a daring escape. His love for the "newchild" (Lowry) Gabriel gives him the courage to see it through. These two themes are pervasive human experiences and can be understood by all readers, despite age or nationality.
It is also very important for a science fiction work to have a well developed and consistent setting. As a general rule, worlds in science fiction works do not necessarily follow the same rules that our real world follows. Therefore, it is important for the author to establish rules for this fictitious environment and to remain faithful to those rules throughout the work. In THE GIVER, the world seems like the same world that we live in today, however, we soon learn that society functions much differently than our own. Unlike our own lives, these characters have a life where "nothing was ever unexpected. Or inconvenient. Or unusual. The life without color, pain , or past" (Lowry). This seemingly Utopian world, where people have been genetically designed to see only in black and white and where there are no choices because life is already mapped out, has no joy, freedom, or love. Throughout this work, Lowry remains true to the rule that, as the Receiver of memory, Jonas and his mentor, The Giver, are the only characters to see there world as the emotionless void that it really is.
This award winning book uses memorable, realistic characters and a consistent, almost familiar setting to tackle the universal truths of our human need for freedom and, above all, love.
4. Review Excerpts
Booklist: Lowry's simple, powerful prose creates an anti-Utopian world where the lack of hardship, war, and poverty only covers the citizens' deeper lack of freedom.
Horn Book Guide: Although life seems perfect -- there is no hunger, no disease, no pollution, no fear -- the reader becomes uneasily aware that all is not well. The story is skillfully written; the air of disquiet is delicately insinuated; and the theme of balancing the values of freedom and security is beautifully presented.
School Library Journal: The author makes real abstract concepts, such as the meaning of a life in which there are virtually no choices to be made and no experiences with deep feelings. This tightly plotted story and its believable characters will stay with readers for a long time.
5. Connections
* Other Books by Lois Lowry
NUMBER THE STARS
THE SILENT BOY
SEE YOU AROUND, SAM!
* Other Books about Utopian Societies
MESSENGER by: Lois Lowry
THE MOUNTAIN OF TRUTH by: Dale Carlson
* Other Science Fiction Books
THE WHITE MOUNTAINS by: John Christopher
CHANGELING by: Delia Sherman
GIFTS by: Ursula K. Le Guin
THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY
1. Bibliography
Patron, Susan. 2006. THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY. Ill. by Matt Phelan. New York, Atheneum Books for Young Readers. ISBN 1416901949
2. Plot Summary
This funny tale recounts the story of Lucky, an intelligent young girl looking for answers to her many questions about the complexities of life. In her young ten year old mind, finding her "higher power" will bring her worry and confusion to an end. Unfortunately, Lucky has plenty of reasons to feel worried and confused. After the sudden death of her mother, Lucky is left in the care of her estranged father's first wife, Bridgette, who comes all the way from France to care for Lucky. However, the small impoverished town of Hard Pan, California is not what Bridgette was expecting. Lucky fears that Bridgette will one day return to France, leaving her ward behind. In desperation, Lucky runs away during the middle of a sand storm hoping to prove to Bridgette that she is a lovable and valuable person. In the end, Lucky is both surprised and relieved to learn that Bridgette plans to legally adopt Lucky . As it turns out, Lucky's "higher power" was the strength and determination that she had inside her the whole time.
3. Critical Analysis
This humorous story falls under the category of contemporary realistic fiction. First of all, although we do not know the precise date in which the story is set, we are given no indication that the setting is either in the past or in the future. Also, this story could take place in the real world. In other words, it is a realistic or believable tale. However, since this particular story did not actually take place in the real world and was not based on any actual events, it is, in fact, fictitious.
One of the most important aspects of a good realistic fiction story is believable characters. The best characters are those that the reader can either relate to on a personal level, or those that remind them of people in their own lives. In this story, our main character, Lucky, is quite believable. As a ten year old budding scientist, Lucky's brain is overflowing with questions. "She figured she had so many crevices and wrinkles, almost all of them filled with questions and anxious thoughts, that if you were to take her brain and flatten it out, it would cover a huge space, like maybe a king-size bed" (Patron). Like all girls her age, Lucky has questions about life, death, love, anatomy, friends, and even her own appearance. Just as in real life, this is a very confusing time for Lucky.
A second important aspect of realistic fiction is having a believable setting. The actual location does not necessarily have to be a real place, but it should absolutely feel like a real place to the reader. This story is set in Hard Pan, California, which is located on the outskirts of the Mojave desert. This desolate, impoverished community has a population of a whopping 43 people. While I am uncertain as to whether the town of Hard Pan actually exists, the searing heat, dust storms, insects, and snakes described in the story certainly make it seem very real.
Lastly, the plot of a realistic fiction story must be "true-to-life" (Vardell). In this book, Lucky is plagued by the death of her mother and the nagging thought that Bridgette will leave her too. The loss of a parent and the fear of being alone are two common themes in realistic fiction because they are pervasive human experiences. In other words, we can all relate to these feelings to some degree. Overall, this book provides both a humorous and true-to-life reading experience.
4. Review Excerpts
School Library Journal: The novel addresses difficult topics such as death, absent parents, and addiction with realism, humor, and wonder, making the overall message one of hope and love.
Horn Book Guide: Patron's episodic tale of a grieving, insecure little girl is never heavy-handed or maudlin, due in part to quiet bursts of humor. Her sensory descriptions, supported by Phelan's gentle spot art, animate this unique community.
Publisher's Weekly: Patron's poignant Newbery-winning story about a girl who fears being abandoned by her legal guardian-and her only semblance of a family-sails along with believable childlike rhythms and kid's-eye-view observations.
5. Connections
* Other Books by Susan Patron
MAYBE YES, MAYBE NO, MAYBE MAYBE
DARK CLOUD STRONG BREEZE
FIVE BAD BOYS, BILLY QUE, AND THE DUSTDOBBIN
* Other Books about Orphans
MADELINE: by Ludwig Bemelmans
A LITTLE PRINCESS: THE STORY OF SARA CREWE by: Frances Hodgson Burnett
ANNE OF GREEN GABLES by: L. M. Montgomery
* Other Books about the Death of a Parent
ONE OF THOSE HIDEOUS BOOKS WHERE THE MOTHER DIES by: Sonya Sones
A TIME TO KEEP SILENT by: Gloria Whelan
PIECES OF GEORGIA by: Jennifer Bryant
* Other Books about Runaways
SILVER DOLLAR GIRL by: Katherine Ayres
NORTH by: Donna Jo Napoli
SAVING SWEETNESS by: Tom Bodett
Patron, Susan. 2006. THE HIGHER POWER OF LUCKY. Ill. by Matt Phelan. New York, Atheneum Books for Young Readers. ISBN 1416901949
2. Plot Summary
This funny tale recounts the story of Lucky, an intelligent young girl looking for answers to her many questions about the complexities of life. In her young ten year old mind, finding her "higher power" will bring her worry and confusion to an end. Unfortunately, Lucky has plenty of reasons to feel worried and confused. After the sudden death of her mother, Lucky is left in the care of her estranged father's first wife, Bridgette, who comes all the way from France to care for Lucky. However, the small impoverished town of Hard Pan, California is not what Bridgette was expecting. Lucky fears that Bridgette will one day return to France, leaving her ward behind. In desperation, Lucky runs away during the middle of a sand storm hoping to prove to Bridgette that she is a lovable and valuable person. In the end, Lucky is both surprised and relieved to learn that Bridgette plans to legally adopt Lucky . As it turns out, Lucky's "higher power" was the strength and determination that she had inside her the whole time.
3. Critical Analysis
This humorous story falls under the category of contemporary realistic fiction. First of all, although we do not know the precise date in which the story is set, we are given no indication that the setting is either in the past or in the future. Also, this story could take place in the real world. In other words, it is a realistic or believable tale. However, since this particular story did not actually take place in the real world and was not based on any actual events, it is, in fact, fictitious.
One of the most important aspects of a good realistic fiction story is believable characters. The best characters are those that the reader can either relate to on a personal level, or those that remind them of people in their own lives. In this story, our main character, Lucky, is quite believable. As a ten year old budding scientist, Lucky's brain is overflowing with questions. "She figured she had so many crevices and wrinkles, almost all of them filled with questions and anxious thoughts, that if you were to take her brain and flatten it out, it would cover a huge space, like maybe a king-size bed" (Patron). Like all girls her age, Lucky has questions about life, death, love, anatomy, friends, and even her own appearance. Just as in real life, this is a very confusing time for Lucky.
A second important aspect of realistic fiction is having a believable setting. The actual location does not necessarily have to be a real place, but it should absolutely feel like a real place to the reader. This story is set in Hard Pan, California, which is located on the outskirts of the Mojave desert. This desolate, impoverished community has a population of a whopping 43 people. While I am uncertain as to whether the town of Hard Pan actually exists, the searing heat, dust storms, insects, and snakes described in the story certainly make it seem very real.
Lastly, the plot of a realistic fiction story must be "true-to-life" (Vardell). In this book, Lucky is plagued by the death of her mother and the nagging thought that Bridgette will leave her too. The loss of a parent and the fear of being alone are two common themes in realistic fiction because they are pervasive human experiences. In other words, we can all relate to these feelings to some degree. Overall, this book provides both a humorous and true-to-life reading experience.
4. Review Excerpts
School Library Journal: The novel addresses difficult topics such as death, absent parents, and addiction with realism, humor, and wonder, making the overall message one of hope and love.
Horn Book Guide: Patron's episodic tale of a grieving, insecure little girl is never heavy-handed or maudlin, due in part to quiet bursts of humor. Her sensory descriptions, supported by Phelan's gentle spot art, animate this unique community.
Publisher's Weekly: Patron's poignant Newbery-winning story about a girl who fears being abandoned by her legal guardian-and her only semblance of a family-sails along with believable childlike rhythms and kid's-eye-view observations.
5. Connections
* Other Books by Susan Patron
MAYBE YES, MAYBE NO, MAYBE MAYBE
DARK CLOUD STRONG BREEZE
FIVE BAD BOYS, BILLY QUE, AND THE DUSTDOBBIN
* Other Books about Orphans
MADELINE: by Ludwig Bemelmans
A LITTLE PRINCESS: THE STORY OF SARA CREWE by: Frances Hodgson Burnett
ANNE OF GREEN GABLES by: L. M. Montgomery
* Other Books about the Death of a Parent
ONE OF THOSE HIDEOUS BOOKS WHERE THE MOTHER DIES by: Sonya Sones
A TIME TO KEEP SILENT by: Gloria Whelan
PIECES OF GEORGIA by: Jennifer Bryant
* Other Books about Runaways
SILVER DOLLAR GIRL by: Katherine Ayres
NORTH by: Donna Jo Napoli
SAVING SWEETNESS by: Tom Bodett
Thursday, November 8, 2007
WORTH
1. Bibliography
LaFaye, A. 2004. WORTH. New York: Simon & Schuster Books. ISBN 0689857306
2. Plot Summary
Nathaniel Peale is a young man used to hard work on his family's farm. When he breaks his leg in a freak accident, he finds himself suddenly unable to walk, much less help to save the farm from foreclosure. In desperation, his father brings home a boy from the orphan train to take up the slack. John Worth was left orphaned after his family was killed in a tenement fire. With no one to care for him, he was sent out west on the orphan train to find a new family. The two boys get off to a very rocky start as John tries to adjust to farm life and, in turn, Nate tries adjusts to having his place along side his father filled by another boy. However, the two eventually find themselves working together to save the farm from the fence cutters plaguing the community. In the end, the two boys overcome their differences to become not just friends, but brothers.
3. Critical Analysis
Set on a small struggling farm in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century, this story highlights the difficulties faced by those who moved west to find land of their own. For example, it accurately depicts the land feuds waged between those wanting to use the land for crops and those needing more and more grazing room for large herds of cattle. "Herder meets homesteader. Like asking a cougar to dance with a bear" (LaFaye, 2004). It also illustrates the financial burdens suffered by so many of the families who seemed to always find themselves short when it came time to pay the land payment. This time in history was quite certainly a time of hardship and sacrificed and LaFaye has made that point quite evident in the story of the Peale family.
The style of the piece is largely episodic and lacking in emotion. While the reader may sympathize with Nate after his accident, LaFaye resists the urge to play on emotional appeal. Rather, the reader is encouraged to cheer for Nate as he regains his strength rather than wallow with him in his grief. The sole instance in which the reader may feel at pull at his/her heartstrings is when John collapses in tears at the memory of his lost Mother. John tells Mrs. Peale, "'I miss her till it chokes me.' Just like that he went from laughing to crying so hard he couldn't breathe" (LaFaye, 2004). Otherwise, the story progresses with little interruption of the main plot.
Finally, the characters in this piece are reminiscent of the hardworking folks that one would expect to find working a farm in the late nineteenth century. While education is deemed valuable, Nate does not attend school until after he is unable to work the farm because the future of the family rests on a good crop harvest. For many children of that day, education was sacrificed for the much needed extra hand in the fields. Also, we find that while Mrs. Peale is quite handy with fixing or "tinkering" (LaFaye, 2004), she must hide her skill and give credit to her husband. After all, no man would trust a woman to fix what he himself could not. This gender discrimination was quite common for some time even after the setting of this story. Overall, Lafaye has created a tale true to the time in history in which it was set and yet still likable for modern day kids.
4. Review Excerpts
Publisher's Weekly: LaFaye paints a realistic picture of the hardships for average families at the time the Orphan Train rode the rails. The author weaves in a subtle message about the power of story, as Nate builds a bond with John by reading him Greek myths out of a borrowed book.
Horn Book Magazine: Because the two boys are lonely and heartsick, we know they need each other long before they know it, but LaFaye's narrative largely resists the sentimentality of their coming together. Heroic stories of ancient Greek mythology and a violent feud being waged among Nate's neighbors both work in the boys' conciliation, giving this short tale a quietly epic as well as an ordinary sweep.
School Library Journal: The author convincingly conveys the boys' gradual realization of the value of one another's friendship. Other themes include the importance of reading and education, meeting challenges head on, relying on and playing a responsible role in your community, and recovering from loss.
5. Connections
* Other books by A. LaFaye
THE YEAR OF THE SAWDUST MAN
STRAWBERRY HILL
NISSA'S PLACE
* Other books about the Orphan Trains
CHILDREN OF THE ORPHAN TRAINS by Holly Littlefield
THE ORPHAN TRAINS: LEAVING THE CITIES BEHIND by Jeanne M. Bracken
WE RODE THE ORPHAN TRAINS by Andrea Warren
LaFaye, A. 2004. WORTH. New York: Simon & Schuster Books. ISBN 0689857306
2. Plot Summary
Nathaniel Peale is a young man used to hard work on his family's farm. When he breaks his leg in a freak accident, he finds himself suddenly unable to walk, much less help to save the farm from foreclosure. In desperation, his father brings home a boy from the orphan train to take up the slack. John Worth was left orphaned after his family was killed in a tenement fire. With no one to care for him, he was sent out west on the orphan train to find a new family. The two boys get off to a very rocky start as John tries to adjust to farm life and, in turn, Nate tries adjusts to having his place along side his father filled by another boy. However, the two eventually find themselves working together to save the farm from the fence cutters plaguing the community. In the end, the two boys overcome their differences to become not just friends, but brothers.
3. Critical Analysis
Set on a small struggling farm in Nebraska in the late nineteenth century, this story highlights the difficulties faced by those who moved west to find land of their own. For example, it accurately depicts the land feuds waged between those wanting to use the land for crops and those needing more and more grazing room for large herds of cattle. "Herder meets homesteader. Like asking a cougar to dance with a bear" (LaFaye, 2004). It also illustrates the financial burdens suffered by so many of the families who seemed to always find themselves short when it came time to pay the land payment. This time in history was quite certainly a time of hardship and sacrificed and LaFaye has made that point quite evident in the story of the Peale family.
The style of the piece is largely episodic and lacking in emotion. While the reader may sympathize with Nate after his accident, LaFaye resists the urge to play on emotional appeal. Rather, the reader is encouraged to cheer for Nate as he regains his strength rather than wallow with him in his grief. The sole instance in which the reader may feel at pull at his/her heartstrings is when John collapses in tears at the memory of his lost Mother. John tells Mrs. Peale, "'I miss her till it chokes me.' Just like that he went from laughing to crying so hard he couldn't breathe" (LaFaye, 2004). Otherwise, the story progresses with little interruption of the main plot.
Finally, the characters in this piece are reminiscent of the hardworking folks that one would expect to find working a farm in the late nineteenth century. While education is deemed valuable, Nate does not attend school until after he is unable to work the farm because the future of the family rests on a good crop harvest. For many children of that day, education was sacrificed for the much needed extra hand in the fields. Also, we find that while Mrs. Peale is quite handy with fixing or "tinkering" (LaFaye, 2004), she must hide her skill and give credit to her husband. After all, no man would trust a woman to fix what he himself could not. This gender discrimination was quite common for some time even after the setting of this story. Overall, Lafaye has created a tale true to the time in history in which it was set and yet still likable for modern day kids.
4. Review Excerpts
Publisher's Weekly: LaFaye paints a realistic picture of the hardships for average families at the time the Orphan Train rode the rails. The author weaves in a subtle message about the power of story, as Nate builds a bond with John by reading him Greek myths out of a borrowed book.
Horn Book Magazine: Because the two boys are lonely and heartsick, we know they need each other long before they know it, but LaFaye's narrative largely resists the sentimentality of their coming together. Heroic stories of ancient Greek mythology and a violent feud being waged among Nate's neighbors both work in the boys' conciliation, giving this short tale a quietly epic as well as an ordinary sweep.
School Library Journal: The author convincingly conveys the boys' gradual realization of the value of one another's friendship. Other themes include the importance of reading and education, meeting challenges head on, relying on and playing a responsible role in your community, and recovering from loss.
5. Connections
* Other books by A. LaFaye
THE YEAR OF THE SAWDUST MAN
STRAWBERRY HILL
NISSA'S PLACE
* Other books about the Orphan Trains
CHILDREN OF THE ORPHAN TRAINS by Holly Littlefield
THE ORPHAN TRAINS: LEAVING THE CITIES BEHIND by Jeanne M. Bracken
WE RODE THE ORPHAN TRAINS by Andrea Warren
THE MIDWIFE'S APPRENTICE
1. Bibliography
Cushman, Karen. 1995. THE MIDWIFE'S APPRENTICE. New York: Clarion Books. ISBN 0395692296
2. Plot Summary
This book, set in medieval England, tells the story of a homeless orphan named Brat who, by some twist of fate, finds herself being taken in by the stern, cantankerous midwife. There is certainly no love lost between the midwife and Brat, now called Beetle. On a good day she is treated like a slave; on a bad day, like an animal. However, her belly is full and she has a dry place to sleep. Along the way, the newly named Alyce learns many of the secrets of midwifery, but the really important lessons are much more personal. Alyce also learns trust, responsibility, and most importantly, self respect.
3. Critical Analysis
As with all works of historical fiction, the setting is perhaps the most integral part of the story. In this work, although we are not explicitly given a year, we do know that it is set in medieval England by the description of the village and the manor. This division of land was part of the feudal system in England during the middle ages. We are also given a glimpse into medieval life by the descriptions of daily life. For example, a meal may consist of bread, cheese and an onion. This is unlike any meal we might eat today. Also, the descriptions of the midwife's medicines are a historically accurate depiction of medical knowledge from the middle ages. For example, “Beetle carried the basket with the clean linen, ragwort and columbine seeds to speed the birth, cobwebs for stanching blood, bryony and woolly nightshade to cleanse and comfort the mother, goat's beard to bring forth her milk and sage tea for too much, jasper stone as a charm against misfortune, and mistletoe and elder leaves against witches” (Cushman, 1995). While some of these herbs do possess medicinal qualities, many are simply tools of superstition.
Besides setting, two other important elements of any fictional story are characterization and plot. First of all, the protagonist needs to be someone that the reader can relate to. In this story, Alyce is described as “unwashed, unnourished, unloved, and unlovely” (Cushman, 1995). All young girls can relate to feeling alone and unattractive, even if they have never been either of these.
As for plot, this story is written in an episodic style which leaves little time to get bogged down in the story. Rather, the story moves quickly, at times, seemingly racing to the end when Alyce must decide whether to return to the midwife or move on. Together the plot and characterization create a fast paced tale of a lovable character who just happens to learn and share a very valuable life lesson along the way.
4. Review Excerpts
Publisher's Weekly: Cushman has an almost unrivaled ability to build atmosphere, and her evocation of a medieval village, if not scholarly in its authenticity, is supremely colorful and pungent.
School Library Journal: Characters are sketched briefly but with telling, witty detail, and the very scents and sounds of the land and people's occupations fill each page as Alyce comes of age and heart. Earthy humor, the foibles of humans both high and low, and a fascinating mix of superstition and genuinely helpful herbal remedies attached to childbirth make this a truly delightful introduction to a world seldom seen in children's literature.
Booklist: The characters are drawn with zest and affection but no false reverence. Kids will like this short, fast-paced narrative about a hero who discovers that she's not ugly or stupid or alone.
5. Connections
* Other books by Karen Cushman
MATILDA BONE
RODZINA
CATHERINE, CALLED BIRDY
* Other books about herbal remedies
GREEN MAGIC: THE HEALING POWER OF HERBS, TALISMANS, AND STONES by Morwyn MEDICINES FROM NATURE by Peggy Thomas
MEDIEVAL HERBAL by Chronicle Books LLC Staff
* Other books about life in medieval England
LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Barron's Educational Editorial Staff
LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL VILLAGE by Gwenyth Morgan
CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Mercedes Padrino Anderson
Cushman, Karen. 1995. THE MIDWIFE'S APPRENTICE. New York: Clarion Books. ISBN 0395692296
2. Plot Summary
This book, set in medieval England, tells the story of a homeless orphan named Brat who, by some twist of fate, finds herself being taken in by the stern, cantankerous midwife. There is certainly no love lost between the midwife and Brat, now called Beetle. On a good day she is treated like a slave; on a bad day, like an animal. However, her belly is full and she has a dry place to sleep. Along the way, the newly named Alyce learns many of the secrets of midwifery, but the really important lessons are much more personal. Alyce also learns trust, responsibility, and most importantly, self respect.
3. Critical Analysis
As with all works of historical fiction, the setting is perhaps the most integral part of the story. In this work, although we are not explicitly given a year, we do know that it is set in medieval England by the description of the village and the manor. This division of land was part of the feudal system in England during the middle ages. We are also given a glimpse into medieval life by the descriptions of daily life. For example, a meal may consist of bread, cheese and an onion. This is unlike any meal we might eat today. Also, the descriptions of the midwife's medicines are a historically accurate depiction of medical knowledge from the middle ages. For example, “Beetle carried the basket with the clean linen, ragwort and columbine seeds to speed the birth, cobwebs for stanching blood, bryony and woolly nightshade to cleanse and comfort the mother, goat's beard to bring forth her milk and sage tea for too much, jasper stone as a charm against misfortune, and mistletoe and elder leaves against witches” (Cushman, 1995). While some of these herbs do possess medicinal qualities, many are simply tools of superstition.
Besides setting, two other important elements of any fictional story are characterization and plot. First of all, the protagonist needs to be someone that the reader can relate to. In this story, Alyce is described as “unwashed, unnourished, unloved, and unlovely” (Cushman, 1995). All young girls can relate to feeling alone and unattractive, even if they have never been either of these.
As for plot, this story is written in an episodic style which leaves little time to get bogged down in the story. Rather, the story moves quickly, at times, seemingly racing to the end when Alyce must decide whether to return to the midwife or move on. Together the plot and characterization create a fast paced tale of a lovable character who just happens to learn and share a very valuable life lesson along the way.
4. Review Excerpts
Publisher's Weekly: Cushman has an almost unrivaled ability to build atmosphere, and her evocation of a medieval village, if not scholarly in its authenticity, is supremely colorful and pungent.
School Library Journal: Characters are sketched briefly but with telling, witty detail, and the very scents and sounds of the land and people's occupations fill each page as Alyce comes of age and heart. Earthy humor, the foibles of humans both high and low, and a fascinating mix of superstition and genuinely helpful herbal remedies attached to childbirth make this a truly delightful introduction to a world seldom seen in children's literature.
Booklist: The characters are drawn with zest and affection but no false reverence. Kids will like this short, fast-paced narrative about a hero who discovers that she's not ugly or stupid or alone.
5. Connections
* Other books by Karen Cushman
MATILDA BONE
RODZINA
CATHERINE, CALLED BIRDY
* Other books about herbal remedies
GREEN MAGIC: THE HEALING POWER OF HERBS, TALISMANS, AND STONES by Morwyn MEDICINES FROM NATURE by Peggy Thomas
MEDIEVAL HERBAL by Chronicle Books LLC Staff
* Other books about life in medieval England
LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Barron's Educational Editorial Staff
LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL VILLAGE by Gwenyth Morgan
CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Mercedes Padrino Anderson
CLEOPATRA
1.Bibliography
Stanley, Diane and Peter Vennema. 1994. CLEOPATRA. Ill. by Diane Stanley. New York: Morrow Junior Books. ISBN 0688104142
2. Plot Summary
This beautiful book chronicles the life and times of one of Egypt's most famous rulers, Queen Cleopatra. As ruler, Cleopatra lived in a world of splendor, wealth, and education, for Alexandria was a center of learning. It was Cleopatra's goal to unite the world under Egypt's rule. At the height of her power, she came close to accomplishing her goal. However, Rome, too was a mighty force. In her efforts to unite these two kingdoms, Cleopatra won the affections of two of Rome's most memorable rulers. Both men lost their lives as a result of their love for Cleopatra. In the end, Rome was victorious in defeating the Egyptian army and it is commonly believed that Cleopatra took her own life rather than submit her throne to a foreign ruler.
3. Critical Analysis
The most important aspect of any historical work, even biographies, is accuracy. Diane Stanley begins this book with a preface detailing the time in which Cleopatra ruled. This preface gives the reader a cultural backdrop for the ensuing story and also provides some interesting and uncommon facts about Cleopatra herself. For example, most people believe that Cleopatra lived in the time of the Pharaohs and the building of the great pyramids. In fact, “when she was born, in 69 B.C., the pyramids had already been standing for more than twenty-five hundred years” (Stanley, 1994). Likewise, the assumption that the Queen of Egypt was an Egyptian is also false. “Cleopatra was Macedonian Greek, the last of the Ptolemies (Stanley, 1994). Stanley honestly points out, however, that much of what we know about this famous Queen was written by the Greek historian Plutarch more than 100 years after her death. Therefore, the information contained within these pages is as accurate as historically possible, but may still be influenced by the propaganda and biases of the time.
This story of Cleopatra is written as a simple prose narrative, however, the style captures and brings to life the intelligent and charming ruler. The pages are filled with descriptions, not only of the Queen, but of those who loved her as well as those who hated or even feared her. It is a story about the people who influenced or were influenced by this charismatic leader. This personable style is an essential part of what makes this such a likable and compelling story.
Finally, the illustrations in this work are magnificent. They are detailed, ornate, and the brilliant colors capture the wealth and decadence of the Egyptian court. Stanley's creative use of mosaic tiles is especially appealing. Overall, while the people themselves do not appear lifelike, the illustrations do succeed in bringing to life the wealthy, art-filled world of ancient Egypt.
4. Review Excerpts
Publishers Weekly: This peerless author/artist team makes the captivating... Cleopatra seem astoundingly real
Horn Book Guide: The authors have succeeded brilliantly in bringing the power and magnificence of Cleopatra and her world to life. Her compelling story is told in a simple, straightforward text, often focusing on episodes and details of interest to young readers, and carefully pointing out still-unresolved ambiguities in the source materials.
School Library Journal: In this lively, well-crafted biography, Stanley and Vennema brush the cobwebs from the popularly held portrait of Cleopatra to reveal a vital, warm, and politically adroit ruler. Lucid writing combines with carefully selected anecdotes, often attributed to the Greek historian Plutarch, to create an engaging narrative.
5. Connections
* Other books about Cleopatra
YOU WOULDN'T WANT TO BE CLEOPATRA! AN EGYPTIAN RULER YOU'D RATHER NOT BE by Jim Pipe
CLEOPATRA: THE LIFE OF AN EGYPTIAN QUEEN by Gary Jeffrey
CLEOPATRA: EGYPTS LAST PHARAOH by Don Nardo
* Other books about Queens
GOOD QUENN BESS: THE STORY OF ELIZABETH I OF ENGLAND by Peter Vennema
TEN QUEENS: PORTRAITS OF WOMEN OF POWER by Milton Meltzer
HATSHEPSUT: THE PRINCESS WHO BECAME KING by Ellen Galford
* Other books about strong women in history
JACKIE KENNEDY ONASSIS: WOMAN OF COURAGE by Catherine Corley Anderson
WHEN I WAS A GIRL by Alison Pollet
FAMOUS WOMEN: FROM NEFERTITI TO DIANA by Richard Dungworth
Stanley, Diane and Peter Vennema. 1994. CLEOPATRA. Ill. by Diane Stanley. New York: Morrow Junior Books. ISBN 0688104142
2. Plot Summary
This beautiful book chronicles the life and times of one of Egypt's most famous rulers, Queen Cleopatra. As ruler, Cleopatra lived in a world of splendor, wealth, and education, for Alexandria was a center of learning. It was Cleopatra's goal to unite the world under Egypt's rule. At the height of her power, she came close to accomplishing her goal. However, Rome, too was a mighty force. In her efforts to unite these two kingdoms, Cleopatra won the affections of two of Rome's most memorable rulers. Both men lost their lives as a result of their love for Cleopatra. In the end, Rome was victorious in defeating the Egyptian army and it is commonly believed that Cleopatra took her own life rather than submit her throne to a foreign ruler.
3. Critical Analysis
The most important aspect of any historical work, even biographies, is accuracy. Diane Stanley begins this book with a preface detailing the time in which Cleopatra ruled. This preface gives the reader a cultural backdrop for the ensuing story and also provides some interesting and uncommon facts about Cleopatra herself. For example, most people believe that Cleopatra lived in the time of the Pharaohs and the building of the great pyramids. In fact, “when she was born, in 69 B.C., the pyramids had already been standing for more than twenty-five hundred years” (Stanley, 1994). Likewise, the assumption that the Queen of Egypt was an Egyptian is also false. “Cleopatra was Macedonian Greek, the last of the Ptolemies (Stanley, 1994). Stanley honestly points out, however, that much of what we know about this famous Queen was written by the Greek historian Plutarch more than 100 years after her death. Therefore, the information contained within these pages is as accurate as historically possible, but may still be influenced by the propaganda and biases of the time.
This story of Cleopatra is written as a simple prose narrative, however, the style captures and brings to life the intelligent and charming ruler. The pages are filled with descriptions, not only of the Queen, but of those who loved her as well as those who hated or even feared her. It is a story about the people who influenced or were influenced by this charismatic leader. This personable style is an essential part of what makes this such a likable and compelling story.
Finally, the illustrations in this work are magnificent. They are detailed, ornate, and the brilliant colors capture the wealth and decadence of the Egyptian court. Stanley's creative use of mosaic tiles is especially appealing. Overall, while the people themselves do not appear lifelike, the illustrations do succeed in bringing to life the wealthy, art-filled world of ancient Egypt.
4. Review Excerpts
Publishers Weekly: This peerless author/artist team makes the captivating... Cleopatra seem astoundingly real
Horn Book Guide: The authors have succeeded brilliantly in bringing the power and magnificence of Cleopatra and her world to life. Her compelling story is told in a simple, straightforward text, often focusing on episodes and details of interest to young readers, and carefully pointing out still-unresolved ambiguities in the source materials.
School Library Journal: In this lively, well-crafted biography, Stanley and Vennema brush the cobwebs from the popularly held portrait of Cleopatra to reveal a vital, warm, and politically adroit ruler. Lucid writing combines with carefully selected anecdotes, often attributed to the Greek historian Plutarch, to create an engaging narrative.
5. Connections
* Other books about Cleopatra
YOU WOULDN'T WANT TO BE CLEOPATRA! AN EGYPTIAN RULER YOU'D RATHER NOT BE by Jim Pipe
CLEOPATRA: THE LIFE OF AN EGYPTIAN QUEEN by Gary Jeffrey
CLEOPATRA: EGYPTS LAST PHARAOH by Don Nardo
* Other books about Queens
GOOD QUENN BESS: THE STORY OF ELIZABETH I OF ENGLAND by Peter Vennema
TEN QUEENS: PORTRAITS OF WOMEN OF POWER by Milton Meltzer
HATSHEPSUT: THE PRINCESS WHO BECAME KING by Ellen Galford
* Other books about strong women in history
JACKIE KENNEDY ONASSIS: WOMAN OF COURAGE by Catherine Corley Anderson
WHEN I WAS A GIRL by Alison Pollet
FAMOUS WOMEN: FROM NEFERTITI TO DIANA by Richard Dungworth
Friday, October 26, 2007
PYRAMIDS & MUMMIES
1. Bibliography
Simon, Seymour. 2003. PYRAMIDS & MUMMIES. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 1587172402
2. Plot Summary
This book, intended for readers in grades 2-4, uncovers the mystery behind Egyptian pyramids, mummies, and burial rituals. It explains in detail the architectural masterpieces that are the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, the power and importance of the Pharaohs, and even the science and religious beliefs behind mummification. It also provides a brief introduction to pyramids form other parts of the world including those built centuries later by the Mayan Indians in Mexico.
3. Critical Analysis
This work provides a scientific look at the process of mummification as well as the architectural feat of building the great pyramids, however, it does so in a simplified writing style appropriate for young readers. For example, Simon states that "the process of preserving a body is called embalming" (Simon, 2003). But he does not stop there. He goes on to explain, step by step, the process that the Egyptians used to prepare a Pharaohs body to be entombed. This fascinating and fairly complex process is summed up in a two page spread that makes the information understandable while, at the same time, not talking down to the reader.
The accuracy of this work, while not cited within the work itself, is reliable and completely verifiable by other sources. Simon uses specific dates, names, and statistics within this book, which adds not only interesting details, but also adds credibility to the simple writing. Also, Simon uses comparisons to make the scale of these colossal pyramids understandable to young readers. For example, Simon tells the reader that "the square base is 756 feet on each side. That's about as big as seven city blocks" (Simon, 2003). These comparisons allow the reader to personally connect with the information about these ancient people.
Lastly, every page of text within this work has an accompanying photograph. Pictures include those of pyramids, mummies hieroglyphics, statues, and treasures uncovered from deep within the buried tombs. These photographs are large and detailed, although somewhat monochromatic. Laughingly, everything is the color of sand. These photos, however, do add life to the otherwise bland and simple text.
4. Review Excerpts
Horn Book Guide: An interesting, well-researched text is supported by appealing color photos. The book focuses mainly on Egypt but also mentions the pyramids of the Aztecs and Mayans.
Criticas: Pyramids and Mummies explores the Egyptian Empire using a considerable amount of information and details that will captivate the more experienced readers. The photos are crisp and pertinent.
5. Connections
* Other Books About Egypt
THE PHARAOHS OF ANCIENT EGYPT by Barron's Educational Staff
LAND AND PEOPLE by Salima Ikram
ART AND RELIGION IN ANCIENT EGYPT by Leslie Kaplan
THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF ANCIENT EGYPT by Leonard Fisher
* Other Books About Pyramids
PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES by Jane Parker
PYRAMIDS: TOMBS FOR ETERNITY by Mildred Pace
PHARAOHS AND PYRAMIDS by Tony Allan
* Other Books About Death Rituals
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AFTERLIFE BELIEFS AND PHENOMENA by James Lewis
BURYTHE DEAD: TOMBS, CORPSES, MUMMIES, SKELETONS, AND RITUALS by Christopher Sloan
Simon, Seymour. 2003. PYRAMIDS & MUMMIES. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 1587172402
2. Plot Summary
This book, intended for readers in grades 2-4, uncovers the mystery behind Egyptian pyramids, mummies, and burial rituals. It explains in detail the architectural masterpieces that are the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, the power and importance of the Pharaohs, and even the science and religious beliefs behind mummification. It also provides a brief introduction to pyramids form other parts of the world including those built centuries later by the Mayan Indians in Mexico.
3. Critical Analysis
This work provides a scientific look at the process of mummification as well as the architectural feat of building the great pyramids, however, it does so in a simplified writing style appropriate for young readers. For example, Simon states that "the process of preserving a body is called embalming" (Simon, 2003). But he does not stop there. He goes on to explain, step by step, the process that the Egyptians used to prepare a Pharaohs body to be entombed. This fascinating and fairly complex process is summed up in a two page spread that makes the information understandable while, at the same time, not talking down to the reader.
The accuracy of this work, while not cited within the work itself, is reliable and completely verifiable by other sources. Simon uses specific dates, names, and statistics within this book, which adds not only interesting details, but also adds credibility to the simple writing. Also, Simon uses comparisons to make the scale of these colossal pyramids understandable to young readers. For example, Simon tells the reader that "the square base is 756 feet on each side. That's about as big as seven city blocks" (Simon, 2003). These comparisons allow the reader to personally connect with the information about these ancient people.
Lastly, every page of text within this work has an accompanying photograph. Pictures include those of pyramids, mummies hieroglyphics, statues, and treasures uncovered from deep within the buried tombs. These photographs are large and detailed, although somewhat monochromatic. Laughingly, everything is the color of sand. These photos, however, do add life to the otherwise bland and simple text.
4. Review Excerpts
Horn Book Guide: An interesting, well-researched text is supported by appealing color photos. The book focuses mainly on Egypt but also mentions the pyramids of the Aztecs and Mayans.
Criticas: Pyramids and Mummies explores the Egyptian Empire using a considerable amount of information and details that will captivate the more experienced readers. The photos are crisp and pertinent.
5. Connections
* Other Books About Egypt
THE PHARAOHS OF ANCIENT EGYPT by Barron's Educational Staff
LAND AND PEOPLE by Salima Ikram
ART AND RELIGION IN ANCIENT EGYPT by Leslie Kaplan
THE GODS AND GODDESSES OF ANCIENT EGYPT by Leonard Fisher
* Other Books About Pyramids
PYRAMIDS AND TEMPLES by Jane Parker
PYRAMIDS: TOMBS FOR ETERNITY by Mildred Pace
PHARAOHS AND PYRAMIDS by Tony Allan
* Other Books About Death Rituals
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AFTERLIFE BELIEFS AND PHENOMENA by James Lewis
BURYTHE DEAD: TOMBS, CORPSES, MUMMIES, SKELETONS, AND RITUALS by Christopher Sloan
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